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1.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 4373-4381, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-921513

ABSTRACT

Lager yeast is the most popular yeast strain used for beer production in China. The flocculation of yeast plays an important role in cell separation at the end of fermentation. Therefore, appropriately enhancing the flocculation capability of the lager yeast without affecting its fermentation performance would be desirable for beer industry. Our previous study showed that the defect of gene RIM21 might contribute to the enhanced flocculation capability of a lager yeast G03. To further investigate the role of the RIM21 gene in flocculation of strain G03, this study constructed a RIM21-deleted mutant strain G03-RIM21Δ through homologous recombination. Deletion of RIM21 improved the flocculation capability of strain G03 during wort fermentation at 11 °C without changing its fermentation performance significantly. The expression of FLO5, Lg-FLO1 and some other genes involved in cell wall integrity pathway were up-regulated in strain G03-RIM21Δ. In addition, the disruption of RIM21 enhanced resistance of yeast cells to cell wall inhibitors. These results provide a basis for elucidating the flocculation mechanism of lager yeast under low-temperature fermentation conditions.


Subject(s)
Beer , Fermentation , Flocculation , Receptors, Cell Surface , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
2.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 31: 61-66, Jan. 2018. graf, ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022044

ABSTRACT

Background: Study of correlation between pretreatment of yeast with ultraviolet radiation and efficiency of further fermentation of wort made of ultrafine grain particles to ethanol. Results: We investigated three races of industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (native and irradiated by ultraviolet). Physiological properties during fermentation of starchy wort were tested in all variants. It was shown that activation of the yeast by ultraviolet radiation allows to further increase the ethanol yield by 25% on average compared with the native yeast races when using thin (up to micro- and nano-sized particles) or standard grain grinding. Conclusions: Using mechanical two-stage grinding of starchy raw materials and ultraviolet pretreatment of yeast, the efficiency of saccharification of starch and fermentation of wort to ethanol was increased.


Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , Yeasts/radiation effects , Ethanol/radiation effects , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Starch , Temperature , Yeasts/metabolism , Enzyme Stability , Ethanol/metabolism , Fermentation , Glucose , Amylases
3.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 14(1): 31-40, ene.-jun. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656938

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó in vitro el potencial probiótico de cepas nativas aisladas de las heces de pollos asilvestrados (Gallus gallus) pertenecientes a los géneros Lactobacillus sp, Bacillus sp y levaduras tipo saccharomyces sp; se determinó la actividad probiótica mediante pruebas de resistencia al ácido (pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), sales de bilis (0,05, 0,1, 0,15, 0.3 %), tolerancia al NaCl (2, 4, 7, 10 %), actividad antagónica (Salmonella sp, E. coli), determinación del tipo de fermentación, crecimiento a temperaturas (28,37,43°C) y capacidad de crecimiento. Las cepas con mayor tolerancia se identificaron a través de pruebas bioquímicas y fermentación de carbohidratos. Como resultado se observó que tres microorganismos: Saccharomyces sp. (3), Bacillus sp. (7) y Lactobacillus sp. (14) poseen propiedades probióticas.


Was evaluated in vitro the probiotic potential of native strains isolated from feces of wild chickens (Gallus gallus) belonging to the genera Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp. and Saccharomyces ; probiotic activity was determined by testing acid resistance (pH 3, 4, 5.6, 7), bile salts (0,05, 0,1, 0,15, 0,3%), tolerance to NaCl (2, 4, 7,10%), antagonistic activity (Salmonella spp, E. coli), production gas (glucose), growth temperatures (28, 37, 43 ° C) and growth capacity. The most tolerant strains were identified by biochemical tests and carbohydrate fermentation. As a result it was found that three microorganisms: Saccharomyces sp. (3), Bacillus sp. (7) and Lactobacillus sp. (14) have probiotic properties.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives/analysis , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Feed/supply & distribution , Animal Feed , Diet , Chickens/metabolism , Probiotics/analysis , Probiotics , Birds , Bacillus/metabolism , Bacillus/chemistry , Food Services , Lactobacillus/metabolism , Lactobacillus/chemistry , Poultry , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Saccharomyces/chemistry
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 56(4): 1603-1611, Dec. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-637764

ABSTRACT

The ability of microorganisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons is important for finding an environmentally-friendly method to restoring contaminated environmental matrices. Screening of hydrocarbon-utilizing and biosurfactant-producing abilities of organisms from an estuarine ecosystem in Nigeria, Africa, resulted in the isolation of five microbial strains identified as Corynebacterium sp. DDv1, Flavobacterium sp. DDv2, Micrococcus roseus DDv3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DDv4 and Saccharomyces cerevisae DDv5. These isolates grew readily on several hydrocarbons including hexadecane, dodecane, crude oil and petroleum fractions. Axenic cultures of the organisms utilized diesel oil (1.0 % v/v) with generation times that ranged significantly (t-test, P < 0.05) between 3.25 and 3.88 day, with concomitant production of biosurfactants. Kinetics of growth indicates that biosurfactant synthesis occurred predominantly during exponential growth phase, suggesting that the bioactive molecules are primary metabolites. Strains DDv1 and DDv4 were evidently the most metabolically active in terms of substrate utilization and biosurfactant synthesis compared to other strains with respective emulsification index of 63 and 78 %. Preliminary biochemical characterization indicates that the biosurfactants are heteropolymers consisting of lipid, protein and carbohydrate moieties. The hydrocarbon catabolic properties coupled with biosurfactant-producing capabilities is an asset that could be exploited for cleanup of oil-contaminated matrices and also in food and cosmetic industries. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 16031611. Epub 2008 December 30.


La capacidad de los microorganismos para degradar hidrocarburos del petróleo es de gran importancia para hallar un método aceptable y ambientalmente amigable para la restauración de terrenos ambientalmente contaminados. Al investigar las capacidades de los organismos de un ecosistema de estuario que utilizan hidrocarburos y producen biosurfactantes, se produjo como resultado el aislamiento de cinco cepas microbianas identificadas como Corynebacterium sp. DDv1, Flavobacterium sp. DDv2, Micrococcus roseus DDv3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y DDv4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae DDv5. Estas cepas crecieron fácilmente en varios hidrocarburos incluyendo hexadecanos, dodecanos, petróleo crudo y fracciones de petróleo. Los cultivos axénicos de organismos utilizaron diesel (1.0% v/v) con períodos por generación con ámbitos significativos (t-test, P <0.05) de entre 3.25 y 3.88 días, con la consiguiente producción de bio-surfactantes. La cinética del crecimiento indica que la síntesis de bio-surfactante se produjo principalmente durante la fase de crecimiento exponencial, lo que sugiere que las moléculas bioactivas son metabolitos primarios. Las cepas DDv1 y DDv4 fueron evidentemente las más metabólicamente activas en términos de utilización del sustrato y la síntesis de bio-surfactantes en comparación con otras cepas con índices respectivos de emulsificación de 63 y 78%. La caracterización bioquímica preliminar indica que los bio-surfactantes son heteropolímeros constituidos de fracciones de lípidos, proteínas y carbohidratos. Las propiedades catabólicas de los hidrocarburos, junto con las capacidades de producción de bio-surfactantes, es una ventaja que puede ser aprovechada para la limpieza de terrenos contaminados con petróleo y también en la industria alimentaria y cosmética.


Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism , Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism , Petroleum/metabolism , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Surface-Active Agents/metabolism , Alkanes/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development , Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development , Nigeria , Saccharomyces/growth & development , Time Factors
5.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2007 Jun; 44(3): 152-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-28486

ABSTRACT

The effect of inositol supplementation on glucose derepression, invertase secretion and SUC2 gene expression in Saccharomyces sp. W4 was studied. Invertase secretion was repressed, when the yeast cells, grown the synthetic medium without inositol (I(-) medium) contained more than 0.2% (w/v) initial concentration of glucose. However, in the same medium plus inositol (I(+) medium, inositol conc. 100 microg/100 ml), invertase secretion was repressed only at glucose concentrations higher than 2.0% (w/v). Results showed that secreted invertase activity increased only in the I+ medium, whereas intracellular invertase activity remained constant in both media during the cell, growth. The mRNA encoding secreted invertase was higher in the glucose-derepressed cells grown in the I(+) medium than in the glucose-repressed cells grown in the I(-) medium. Similarly, phosphatidylinositol (PI) content was significantly higher in the cells grown in the I(+) medium than in the I(-) medium. These results indicated that PI might be involved in the glucose derepression, invertase secretion and SUC2 gene expression at the transcriptional level in the yeast.


Subject(s)
Cell Culture Techniques , Culture Media , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Glucose/metabolism , Inositol/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , RNA/metabolism , RNA, Fungal/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/biosynthesis , Time Factors , beta-Fructofuranosidase/biosynthesis
6.
Rev. microbiol ; 2: 255-62, out.-dez. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-213039

ABSTRACT

A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da lecitina e do óleo de soja sobre o desempenho fermentativo de Sacharomyces uvarum I Z 1904, levedura utilizada para produçäo industrial de etanol. High Test Molasses (HTM) foi escolhido como meio de fermentaçäo por ser um substrato pobre em nutrientes, e permitir distinguir a açäo dos lipídios por análise de superfície de resposta mostrou que os lipídios favoreceram o desempenho da levedura principalmente quando aplicados separadamente. Máximas concentraçöes das duas fontes de lipídios no meio estimularam o brotamento mas näo se constituíram em proteçäo contra a morte celular. Considerando a açäo dos lipídios sobre os parâmetors celulares estudados, a suplementaçäo do meio com 3,0g/l de óleo de soja permitiu obter máximas respostas de viabilidade celular, taxa de brotamento e viabilidade dos brotos após 6 ciclos sucessivos


Subject(s)
Phosphatidylcholines/biosynthesis , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Ethanol/metabolism , Soybean Oil/biosynthesis
7.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 18(1): 7-11, ene.-mar. 1986. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-42217

ABSTRACT

Como consecuencia de la crisis energética mundial, se están realizando numerosas investigaciones sobre la obtención de alcohol etílico por fermentación, con el objeto de disminuir su costo de producción. En el campo de la biotecnología se han propuesto diversos sistemas de fermentación, algunos con buenos resultados. Sin embargo en nuestro país se continúa trabajando con el sistema tradicional en lotes, seguramente por la gran inversión que requiere un cambio de tecnología. El objetivo de este trabajo es ponderar las posibilidades de realizar fermentaciones en lotes con alta concentración de levaduras, con el fin de aumentar la productividad volumétrica, es decir la cantidad de etanol producida por litro de mosto y por hora. Se estudió la realción entre la concentración de levaduras en el medio de fermentación y las productividades volumétrica y específica, la primera aumenta y la segunda disminuye a medida que se incrementa la concentración de microorganismos, ambas de manera no lineal. Ensayos de fermentación en lotes con reutilización de levaduras mostraron la dificultad de mantener una población superior a 300 x 10**6 lev/ml. La propagación periódica (cada 13 lotes) de las levaduras recuperadas demostró ser un método sencillo y efectivo para mantener concentraciones altas de microorganismos en el medio de fermentación, lo que se traduce en una productividad mayor que la obtenida en el proceso en lotes convencional con recuperación de levaduras. Las aplicación de estas experiencias a nivel industrial no implicaría ningún tipo de modificación, ni la incorporación de equipos adicionales en las destilerías que actualmente trabajan con el sistema Melle Boinot


Subject(s)
Ethanol/biosynthesis , Fermentation/methods , Saccharomyces/metabolism
8.
Bol. micol ; 2(2/3): 97-101, dic. 1985. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-29565

ABSTRACT

Los métodos API, MINITEK, y BEIJERINCK fueron usados en los ensayos de asimilación de glucosa, galactosa, sacarosa, maltosa, lactosa de 8 cepas de Saccharomyces, a fin de verificar y analizar la reproductibilidad e implicaciones de los resultados obtenidos con esos métodos. Los resultados de asimilación de glucosa fueron idénticos con los tres métodos, habiendo variado los demás. La mayor variación fue registrada en el método API y menor en MINITEK; en BEIJERINCK hubo mayor constancia en los resultados


Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Saccharomyces/metabolism
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